Amargasaurus Profile

Amargasaurus Profile Name: Amargasaurus (Greek for La Amarga reptile:); articulated ah-MAR-gah-SORE-us Territory: Woodlands of South America Verifiable Period: Early Cretaceous (130 million years back) Size and Weight: About 30 feet in length and three tons Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Relatively little size; unmistakable spines lining neck and back About Amargasaurus The greater part of the sauropods of the Mesozoic Era looked essentially like practically every other sauropod-long necks, squat trunks, long tails and elephant-like legs-yet Amargasaurus was the special case that demonstrated the standard. This moderately thin plant-eater (just around 30 feet in length from head to tail and a few tons) had a column of sharp spines covering its neck and back, the main sauropod known to have had such a monumental component. (Valid, the later titanosaurs of the Cretaceous time frame, direct relatives of the sauropods, were secured with scutes and spiked handles, however these were not even close as lavish as those on Amargasaurus.) For what reason did the South American Amargasaurus advance such unmistakable spines? Likewise with also prepared dinosaurs (like the cruised Spinosaurus and Ouranosaurus), there are different prospects: the spines may have assisted with discouraging predators, they may have had a job in temperature guideline (that is, on the off chance that they were secured by a dainty fold of skin equipped for dispersing heat), or, in all likelihood, they may essentially have been an explicitly chosen trademark (Amargasaurus guys with increasingly unmistakable spines being progressively alluring to females during mating season). As unmistakable as it seemed to be, Amargasaurus seems to have been firmly identified with two other uncommon sauropods: Dicraeosaurus, which was additionally outfitted with (a lot shorter) spines radiating from its neck and upper back, and Brachytrachelopan, which was recognized by its bizarrely short neck, most likely a transformative adjustment to the kinds of food accessible in its South American natural surroundings. There are different instances of sauropods adjusting decently fast to the assets of their biological systems. Consider Europasaurus, a smallish plant eater that scarcely gauged a solitary ton since it was limited to an island living space. Shockingly, our insight into Amargasaurus is restricted by the way that just a single fossil example of this dinosaur is known, found in Argentina in 1984 yet just portrayed in 1991 by the noticeable South American scientist Jose F. Bonaparte. (Uncommonly, this example incorporates some portion of Amargasaurus skull, an irregularity since the skulls of sauropods are effortlessly isolates from the remainder of their skeletons in the afterlife). Strangely, a similar campaign liable for the revelation of Amargasaurus additionally uncovered the sort example of Carnotaurus, a short-equipped, meat-eating dinosaur that lived around 50 million years after the fact!

Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company New Product Development Process Essay

Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company New Product Development Process - Essay Example Goodyear is among the main tire producing organization on the planet. It has made its quality felt in each edge of the world. The organization began its excursion with 13 workers at its assembling plant in Ohio, USA and from that point forward has developed into an organization which is home to in excess of 70,000 representatives over the world. The organization with its nonstop difficult work has ascended without any preparation to turn into a billion dollar organization. Goodyear with net deals of $22.8 billion (starting at 2011) is most likely driving the best approach to not exclusively be the top tire producing organization in North America yet additionally on the planet (Goodyear, n.d). This task report on Goodyear will distinguish the possibilities identified with new item advancement. New item improvement is a basic perspective for the organization in the relentless serious market. Item improvement is constantly founded on certain criteria’s which in any case can profi t Goodyear as an organization as far as piece of the pie and income age. The motivation behind this undertaking is to examine Goodyear’s technique and procedure in growing new item. This venture underscores on the need of new item improvement and its significance. Goodyear has been in the business for quite a while and the undertaking will assess the company’s future possibilities in setting to new item advancement. Tire advertise is a colossal market with numerous contenders. The venture will address certain inquiries, for example, why new item improvement is the need of great importance and how might it change the fortune of a company?... The organization with its ceaseless difficult work has ascended without any preparation to turn into a billion dollar organization. Goodyear with net deals of $22.8 billion (starting at 2011) is clearly driving the best approach to not exclusively be the top tire fabricating organization in North America yet additionally on the planet (Goodyear, n.d). This undertaking report on Goodyear will distinguish the possibilities identified with new item advancement. New item advancement is a basic viewpoint for the organization in the relentless serious market. Item improvement is constantly founded on certain criteria’s which in any case can profit Goodyear as an organization as far as piece of the overall industry and income age. Reason The motivation behind this undertaking is to dissect Goodyear’s technique and philosophy in growing new item. This venture underlines on the need of new item advancement and its significance. Goodyear has been in the business for quite a while and the venture will assess the company’s future possibilities in setting to new item improvement. Tire advertise is a colossal market with numerous contenders around which makes the new item advancement significantly progressively significant for Goodyear. The venture will respond to specific inquiries, for example, why new item improvement is the need of great importance and how might it change the fortune of an organization? Tire showcase is not any more limited to the created countries as the rising economies of the world are driving the path regarding tire utilization with the ascent in number of vehicles employing on the streets. It comes as an open door for the organization and the undertaking breaks down what are the manners in which Goodyear can adapt to the ascent sought after by offering bleeding edge innovation to its clients. Foundation Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company was established in the year 1898 by Frank A. Seiberling in Ohio, USA.

This Probably Isnt for You

This Probably Isn’t for You Bex and I are fifteen feet from the bandstand, waiting for one of our favorite musicians to take the stage. A sizable crowd has congregated on the dry grass around us, and my back hurts from all this standing on unforgiving turf. Beyond the platform, the sun is setting behind clouds that look more like pastel sand dunes than collections  of condensed water in the atmosphere. I’m fidgeting slightly  in anticipation, hoping I didn’t waste my money after witnessing the forgettable band that opened the show. I hope this turns out to be a good concert. Wait. A good concert for whom? Don’t get me wrong, the opener wasn’t bad: they were well-rehearsed and well-dressed, and they performed  with vigor. But there were too many electric guitars (for my taste). The songs were too heavy (for my taste). And the drums were too … umm … drummy (for my taste). My taste. But most of the crowd wholeheartedly enjoyed the opening band, drummy drums and all. I’ve attended at least a hundred concerts in my lifetime, and most of my fondest memories are of discovering gifted opening acts who surprised me with their music, even though much of the crowd was fidgeting for the headliner, so just because I wasnt entertained by this particular band, that doesn’t give me the right to snarkily critique them. Noâ€"if other people took pleasure in their set, then that means it simply wasn’t for me. And that’s okay. The same seems to be true in a broader sense as well: my favorite movies, books, and songs are not objectively good or bad, and yet you may not get the same value from them as I do. And that’s okay: if you dont enjoy them, then they probably arent for youâ€"theyre for someone else. So dont waste your timeâ€"let go, move on. But, while you walk away, you neednt deprive the rest of the crowd by casting shade on the maker of the thing. Ditto for whatever The Minimalists create: our documentary, our podcast, our books, this blog. As long as Ryan and I can look ourselves in the mirror and honestly say, “We believe this is exceptional; this piece is absolutely the best we could have done given the resources we have,” then we will give ourselves permission to release our creation to the world, warts and all. Millions of people have found value in our body of work, but if you dont, thats okayâ€"it isnt for everybody. The more you create, the more you will be criticized. And that, too, is okay, because some criticism is helpful, especially when it is solicited from people you trustâ€"evaluators who help build your building taller, stronger, better. This type of criticism is rare, and  thats what makes it precious. Other criticism, however, is a greater reflection of the critic himself: the trolling, the indignation, the tearing down of buildingsâ€"these are all neon signs that say, “This isnt for me!” So next time I get ready to feebly condemn someones work, perhaps I should ask myself: “Is this objectively bad, or is this just not for me?” If it’s the former, then I must ask, “How can my critique be useful?” Because if my feedback is only veiled venting, then Ive done nothing but contribute to the recreational outrage I so despise. If it’s the latter, then perhaps I’m best served by keeping my mouth shut and looking for something that is, in fact, for me. And next time someone criticizes you, consider this: your creation probably isnt for that criticâ€"its for someone else. Suddenly, a spotlight illuminates the stage, the main act mans their instruments, and I’m back in the moment, buoyed by  the increasing roar of the crowd. The music starts, and it’s truly outstanding: we are all singing along off-key to every chorus and begging for an encore when the lights go dark. This definitely was for me. The opening act wasn’t, though, and that’s okayâ€"sometimes we have to wade through the waters of dislike before we arrive at something we love. Subscribe to The Minimalists via email.

The Lord Of The Flies By William Golding - 1883 Words

Jack’s Journey To Supremacy â€Å" One death is a tragedy; one million is a statistic.† - Josef Stalin. When looked back at history, dictatorship has always been a cause of death and destruction. Power is not achieved individually and hence requires support of the society.Unfortunately, this can also be harmful and dangerous for the society. Lord of the Flies by William Golding is an allegory of the most ruthless dictator in history, Adolf Hitler’s rise to power. Golding, an english novelist, playwright, and poet, fought in the Royal Navy during WWII. Golding’s Lord of the Flies novel is not just about the boys on the island, but also the evil inherent in humans when all rules and laws are taken away. The horrors committed by Hitler is still†¦show more content†¦Golding focuses Lord of the Flies on two important aspects of human nature, intelligence and destruction. A society only functions when intelligence limits destruction. According to Goldin g, fear disrupts this balance. He uses characters like Jake, who represent the dark side of humanity and Simon, who represents a godly figure and is compelled to witness the declivity of humanity. Furthermore, when the idea of fear is brought up by the littlun on the island, chaos immediately disrupts the silence at the meeting. At this stage of the meeting, Jack tries to persuade the boys that he would protect them by killing the beast. Jack urges that, â€Å"Ralph’s right of course. There isn’t a snake thing. But if there was a snake we’d hunt it and kill it. We’re going to hunt pigs to get meat for everybody. And we’ll look for the snake too † (Golding, 36). Jack just discovered the hunt and is obsessed with it. Jack also introduces the idea of â€Å"killing† on the island. So if there is a beast on the island, he will hunt it. Jack at this point realizes that the only way he can now come to power is by killing the beast which woul d make the other boys on the island secure. Though Jack does not believe in the beast, he takes up the responsibility to kill the beast just to bring in confidence in the boys on the island. In fact, he also includes the boys in his hunt gaining their support. He expresses himself and

The Ethics Of Scientific Knowledge - 3566 Words

Cortni Volkman 7/30/2015 Science surrounds just about every aspect of human interaction but where does this scientific knowledge come from? The communication of scientific knowledge trickles in a fashion opposite to that of the filtration of water through a carbon scrubber, where the highest concentration of pure scientific knowledge exists within the prestigious community of scientists and scientific knowledge within the academic and public communities has to be filtered from the other particles of ideas, leaving much room for interpretation. This paper will explore these different interactions among various communities and how it shapes communication of scientific knowledge. One such community is that of the very scientists who do the research and publications which supply much of the scientific knowledge we know today. However, research and publishing is heavily time consuming and expensive so many scientist must seek out funding. Bias, or a conflict of interest, can be argued to exist in all aspects of s cience depending on when and how results are obtained. It is without discourse than to argue that all research, even that done at collegiate level, has some amount of bias whether from the funding received, the council from professors or advisors, or the availability of more advanced technology to obtain data (Krimsky 2012). Such bias from technological means can even limit what scientists can publish. Often the military relies on scientists for their expertise inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Views on the Importance of Science1010 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent views on the importance of scientific concepts in comparison to other branches of knowledge. In order to determine if it is reasonable to believe that science is a supreme form of knowledge, firstly we must determine what knowledge is. Knowledge can be seen as the act of knowing or understanding gained through experience or study. Thus in order for something to be considered as knowledge it must be true to the person who has that knowledge based on the information availableRead MoreNursing as a Discipline1565 Words   |  7 Pageswith Philosophy, Science and Ethics Raymund Christopher R. dela Pena Saint Louis University The discipline of nursing is concerned with how nurses interact with people in relation to their health and within their total environment. Nursing at its core is caring for people within their health experience. The effective nurse is able to think critically, feel deeply, communicate clearly, interact meaningfully, assume responsibility, exhibit a thirst for knowledge and act morally. The disciplineRead MoreScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge971 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that science is all of these. But, what is science? According to the Science Council (http://www.sciencecouncil.org), â€Å"Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.† This website further states: Scientific methodology includes the following: †¢ Objective observation: Measurement and data (possibly although not necessarily using mathematics as a tool) †¢ Evidence †¢ Experiment and/orRead MoreDefinition Of A Neutral Question1633 Words   |  7 PagesThere is no such thing as a neutral question. Evaluate this statement with reference to two areas of knowledge. In order to evaluate this statement, we must clearly understand what is a neutral question. A definition of a neutral question can be: A question asked in such a way that it does not imply personal opinion or bias. I assume that a true question has to be neutral. If a question reveals to be non-neutral, the objectivity that defines a question doesn’t exist anymore. It becomes a statementRead MoreEthics Of Science : The Ethical Dilemma Of The Films Frankenstein And Jurassic Park 1204 Words   |  5 PagesEthics of Science The central ethical dilemma of many of the films and stories we looked at this semester hinged on the question of whether or not man should employ his knowledge of genetics and science to engineer or revive a species that had become extinct, usually due to natural processes. As a science major myself, it was interesting to explore these themes and the scenarios presented in each individual piece of literature. Questionable ethics run rampant in stories such as Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinRead MoreThe Three Major Factors Fueling International Technological Growth1271 Words   |  6 Pagesissues which arise out of technology and scientific research Business ethics or lack of thereof, is a major CSR issue with technology and scientific research. Research responsibility implies that research is done ethically. According to Sarukkai (2009), scientists believe the activity of scientific research is self-regulated, and as such, ethics do not apply. The author contends that science is a discourse of facts regarding the universe, while ethics is about human values and there is no correlationRead MoreA Brief Note On Criminology : Group Project Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pages Criminology: Group Project Name Institution Expert Witness An expert is a witness who has a knowledge or experience in a particular field that is beyond that of a layman. This knowledge and experience enable the particular expert witness to testify on regards to an issue that requires expertise to comprehend. To become an expert witness, a number of qualities must be possessed by the witness including, and not limited to, the number of years they have practiced their expertiseRead MoreEthics hinder scientific research. Do you agree?600 Words   |  3 PagesEthics hinder scientific research. Do you agree? Ever since the scientific revolution, there have been countless breakthroughs in the scientific field. From the invention of the light bulb to the computers we stare at daily, it is axiomatic that such things can only happen due to the advancement in science. However, a myriad of scientific researches today have received strong opposition due to the ethical concerns regarding the research. This essay will agree that ethics hinder scientific researchRead MoreCoe of Ethics1625 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethic Paper There are many healthcare organizations that follow their own mission with ethical values and company goals. The American Association for the Advancement of Science follows the mission statement of â€Å"advance science engineering, and innovations throughout the world for the benefit of all people.† (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2015) By following company goals, this statement can be reinforced. What are the organization’s goals and how are they tiedRead MoreNatural Sciences and Ethics1145 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone needs to consider when assembling experiment or a painting is ethics. Ethics would be a key on how should people act in certain situations and what behaviors are considered to be moral. Areas, natural sciences and arts provide knowledge which could be interpreted as transference of what we encounter and perceive throughout our lives. When it comes to the production of knowledge in natural science and arts, few knowledge issues are raised. To what extent does morality prevent us from doing

Integrity, Confidentiality and Professional Behavior of Internal Auditors Free Essays

Integrity According to The Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), â€Å"The integrity of internal auditors established trust and thus provides the basis for reliance on their judgement†. IIA further added that to be integrity, internal auditors: * Shall perform their work with honestly, diligence, and responsibility. * Shall observe the law and make disclosures expected by the law and the profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Integrity, Confidentiality and Professional Behavior of Internal Auditors or any similar topic only for you Order Now * Shall not knowingly be a party to any illegal activity, or engage in acts that are discreditable to the profession * Shall respect and contribute to the legitimate and ethical objectives of the organization. According to the 2009 Global Integrity Survey conducted by Compliance Week and Integrity Interactive, polled more than 150 ethics and compliance executives at global companies worldwide. The survey shown that nearly two-third (64 percent) of respondents use risk assessment specifically to review their integrity risks and to modify their programs as necessary. It also shown that 57 percent said their internal auditors have periodically audit their integrity programs and functions. Besides that, the survey shown that nearly 80 percent of respondents commented they use the internal audit function to some extent. Melissa Klein Aguilar (2009) further added that internal audit departments play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of the company’s integrity function. IIA do also issue a guidance says that internal auditors should â€Å"evaluate the design, implementation, and effectiveness of the organization’s ethics-related objectives, programs, and activities. Confidentiality According to Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), confidentiality is one of the four principles that internal auditors are expected to apply and uphold. IIA further explain that under confidentiality’s principle, internal auditors respect the value and ownership of information they receive and do not disclose information without appropriate authority unless there is a legal or professional obligation to do so. IIA had also outlined the rules of conduct for confidentiality, in which internal auditors: * Shall be prudent in the use and protection of information acquired in the course of their duties. * Shall not use information for any personal gain or in any manner that would be contrary to the law or detrimental to the legitimate and ethical objectives of the organization. Office of Internal Audit of Wayne State University further elaborates the rules of conduct that internal auditors are expected to follow in compliance with confidentiality’s principle. It stated that internal auditors shall: * Not participate in any activity or relationship that may impair or be presumed to impair their unbiased assessment. This participation includes those activities or relationships that may be in conflict with the interest of the organization. * Not accept anything that may impair or be presumed to impair their professional judgment. * Disclose all material facts known to them that, if not disclosed, may distort the reporting of activities under review. Be prudent in the use and protection of information acquired in the course of their duties. * Not use information for any personal gain or in any manner that would be contrary to the law or detrimental to the legitimate and ethical objectives of the organization. According to Chartered Institute of Internal Auditors, this principle is pertinent to internal auditors as they have access to a wide range of information and the employing organization needs to be assured that accessed information will be treated confidentially. Internal auditors also gather information through interviews, and interviewees need to feel assured that the information provided will be treated appropriately. Numerous corporate fraud cases happen in recent century such as Enron and WorldCom have triggered not only extensive academic whistleblowing studies, but also have caused legal ramifications that have led to the passage of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 (Eaton Akers, 2007; Lacavo Ripley, 2003). Before this, there are limited studies that have used internal auditors as subjects. This could be because to the argument that the reporting make by internal auditors on corporate wrongdoings is not an act of whistleblowing, but is the role on internal auditor within the ambit of their profession (Jubb, 2000). Xu and Ziegenfuss counter-argue that what Cynthia Cooper (an internal auditor) did in the WorldCom was considered as whistleblowing, this shown that public may perceive that the internal auditor as a whistleblower. Another possibility is because of misperception that whistleblowing only relates to reporting parties outside of the organization (Keenan Krueger, 1992). According to Eaton Akers, 2007; Figg, 2000; Keenan Krueger, 1992; Near Miceli, 2008, whistleblowing can in fact occur internally or externally. Near and Miceli (1995) argue that internal auditors have higher credibility and power as whistleblower than other organizational members as they are more likely to influence management to terminate wrongdoing. According to The Global Economic Crime Survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCooper (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2009), internal auditing profession is indeed an important role in organizations as most frauds were detected by internal audit. It was supported by Miceli et al. (2008) states compared to other professions, the highest reported observation of wrongdoing was reported by internal auditors. Because of the nature of their works, internal auditors have directly or indirectly seen or confronted many opportunities for corporate wrongdoing and unethical acts to occurs, and the responsibility of disclosure of any wrongdoing is embedded in their job description (Near Miceli, 1985). Another issue is on whether or not internal auditors should whistleblow when they discover organizational wrongdoings. Internal auditors always face situations that involve conflict of interest while executing their dual-role duties (Armold Ponemon, 1991; E. Z. Taylor Curtis, 2010). The dual-role duties mentioned here are the role of internal auditors as employed by the organization, which subject to the needs and requirements of their employment, and the role as members of a professional body, they are required to adhere to the profession’s ethical requirements. Ahmad and Taylor support the view and assert that the role of internal auditors in providing auditing tasks for their organizational may cause ongoing conflicts. Zhang, Chiu and Wei (2009) argue that the â€Å"disclosing insider information to outsider’s breaches obligation to the organization, violates the written or unspoken contract, and elicits damaging publicity†. However, ethically, internal whistleblowing, as opposed to external whistleblowing, is preferred. This is due to severe damage caused by external whistleblowing as compared to internal whistleblowing (Park Blenkinsopp, 2009). In order to avoid the severe damages caused by whistleblowing, Vinten (1996) has suggested that an organization may minimize the risk by internalizing the whistleblowing procedure as part of the corporate communications. By having a proper whistleblowing procedure, organizations stand to benefit from actions of whistleblowers that may cause further substantial adverse consequences such as loss of sales, costly lawsuits and negative publicity. Professional Behaviour The general public demand professional accountants maintain a high ethical standard in order to maintain public confidence in the accountancy profession (Gordon Kiernander, 2009). The ethical principles that guide the work of auditors are listed as follows: * Integrity * Objectivity * Professional Competence and Due Care * Confidentiality * Professional Behavior (Farid Kerimov, 2011) Then, the professional behavior has been defined as high expectations for the auditing profession include compliance with laws and regulations and avoidance of any conduct that might bring discredit to auditors’ work, including actions that would cause an objective third party with knowledge of the relevant information to conclude that the auditors’ work was professionally deficient. Professional behavior includes auditors’ putting forth an honest effort in performance of their duties and professional services in accordance with the relevant technical and professional standards (Government Auditing Standards, 2010). The main objective of an auditor is to purvey services at the highest standards of performance to satisfy public interest (Michael C. Knapp, 2009). However, frequently, users don’t have the needful ability to appreciate if the services offered by the auditor are or are not in accordance qualitatively with their requests, reason of which they are forced to accept till the contrary test that the auditors act in a competent and professional way. The guarantee of integrity and professional competency of an auditor can be assured by the adhesion of them at an ethical code of the profession to which they belong (R. A. Kishore Nadkarni, 2000). If internal auditors or the internal audit activity is prohibited by law or regulation from conformance with certain parts of the Standards, conformance with all other parts of the Standards and appropriate disclosures are needed. Then, IIA’s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards) is essential in meeting the responsibilities of internal auditors and the internal audit activity (The Institute of Internal Auditors, 2010). According to IIA’s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards) Internal auditing is conducted in diverse legal and cultural environments; within organizations that vary in purpose, size, complexity, and structure; and by persons within or outside the organization. While differences may affect the practice of internal auditing in each environment, conformance with The IIA’s International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing (Standards) is essential in meeting the responsibilities of internal auditors and the internal audit activity (The Institute of Internal Auditors, 2010). Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing differentiate among the varied responsibilities of the entity, the internal audit department, the director of internal auditing, and internal auditors. The responsibilities as a consultant or internal auditor are listed as follows: I. Internal auditors should be independent of the activities they audit. II. Internal audits should be performed with proficiency and due professional care. III. The scope of internal auditing should encompass the examination and evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness of the organization’s system of internal control and the quality of performance in carrying out assigned responsibilities. IV. Audit work should include planning the audit, examining and evaluating information, communication results, and follow up. V. The Director of Internal Auditing Should Properly Manage the Internal Audit Department. (IIA Standards, 2010) The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (the Act) amended the Employment Rights Act 1996 and created a right to redress, enforceable by tribunal, in the event of unfair discrimination or dismissal by one’s employer as a result of â€Å"whistleblowing† – making a disclosure in the public interest. The Act sets conditions as to the subject matter of the disclosure, the motivation and beliefs of the worker, and the person(s) to whom the disclosure is made (Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998). According to Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998, the purposes of the act are: I. It aims to help prevent such disasters and corporate malpractice in general by encouraging workers with relevant information to come forward responsibly. II. The Act seeks to achieve this by offering a right to redress in the event of victimization if workers raise their concerns in the ways specified in the legislation. III. It is also hoped that the Act will promote a change in culture amongst employers, and encourage them to establish procedures to receive disclosures in good faith and act on them appropriately. The scope of the Act includes disclosures which, in the reasonable belief of the worker, show one or more of the following, taking place either in the past, the present, or likely to take place in the future: * A crime; Breach of a legal obligation (regulatory, administrative, contract law or common law); * Miscarriage of justice; (for which the appropriate prescribed person in England and Wales is the Chief Executive of the Criminal Cases Review Commission); * Danger to health and safety; (for which the appropriate prescribed person is the Health and Safety Executive, or the relevant local authority); * Damage to the environme nt; (for which the appropriate prescribed person in England and Wales is the Environment Agency); or * Attempts to cover up such malpractice. Apart from that, whistleblowers making an external disclosure to a prescribed person, instead of to their employer or via internal procedures, will be entitled to redress under the Act in the event that they suffer unfair discrimination or dismissal provided they: * make the disclosure in good faith; * reasonably believe that the information, and any allegation it contains, are substantially true; and * reasonably believe that the matter falls within the description of matters for which the person is prescribed. How to cite Integrity, Confidentiality and Professional Behavior of Internal Auditors, Essay examples

John Marshall the Great Chief Justice free essay sample

John Marshall: The Great Chief Justice John Marshall was born in Figurer County, Virginia on September 4, 1755. He was the first son of Thomas Marshall and Mary Randolph Keith. His role in American history is undoubtedly a very important one. As a boy, Marshall was educated by his father. He learned to read and write, along with some lessons in history and poetry. At the age of fourteen, he was sent away to school, and a year later he returned home to be tutored by a Scottish pastor who lived with the Marshall family. As a young college student, John Marshall was particularly impressed by the structures of professor George Withy.Withy was a lawyer, judge, and a signer of the constitution. Other students Of professor Withy were Thomas Jefferson, John Befriending, and Henry Clay. Marshall became a layover at the age of twenty five. As Brian Mincing says about Marshall in the article, His first cases were not important, but he handled them well and made a favorable impression on his neighbors; so favorable that they sent him to Richmond in 1 782 as a member of the Virginia House of Delegates. We will write a custom essay sample on John Marshall: the Great Chief Justice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He became a prominent lawyer and was on his way to a successful future. Mr.. Marshall worked under the administration of John Adams starting in 1798.He was offered the position of attorney general under George Washingtons administration, but declined because he wanted to stay with his family and practice law in his home town of Richmond, Virginia. He was one of three delegates sent to France by John Adams in 1798. His reasoning for taking the job in France was partly because it was only a temporary mission and also because he wanted to be of service to his country, aiding in peaceful relations with F-range. When he found out that France expected to be paid, he as outraged and believed they were soliciting bribery.Although the mission to France was a failure, he returned to the US a hero. Marshall was appointed to the position of secretary of state by John Adams in 1800. He was put in charge of foreign affairs and was often left in charge of the government when Adams was gone. Then, later that year, he was appointed to be chief justice of the US by Adams before Thomas Jefferson took over the presidency. Thomas Jefferson soon took office and John Marshall was now chief justice. Although the two were distant cousins, they held very different positions and longed to opposing political parties. Jefferson believed that the constitution should be interpreted strictly to keep the governments power relatively low. In the article, Mr.. Mincing sums up Marshals views of what government should be: Marshall believed in a strong central government, in the Constitution as the key to the laws of the land, and in courts as the supreme custodians of those lawsviews that would influence his shaping of the Supreme Court. Marshall believed that the Constitution should not be interpreted as strict, allowing the government to become more powerful. Possibly the most important case of its time was Mammary vs.. Madison in 1803. In this case, John Marshals ruling set an extremely important precedent. His ruling declared that a law was unconstitutional, therefore setting a precedent giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. Because of this ruling alone, John Marshall is a very prominent figure in American history and American law, but his achievements do not end at that. During John Marshals life, and particularly during his reign as chief justice, the power of the judicial branch became equally powerful to the other branches of the US government.

Psychology in the media Extrasensory perception (ESP)

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion

3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion 3 Sentences That Cause Confusion By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, a word or phrase is an obstacle to comprehension. The discussion and revision that follows each example suggests a path to clarity. 1. Technology companies have a very different mind-set to traditional financial institutions. Comparisons structured as one is in this sentence should employ from rather than to, and note the insertion of the phrase â€Å"that of the† to indicate that the comparison is between mind-sets and not the entities that have the mind-sets: â€Å"Technology companies have a very different mind-set from that of traditional financial institutions.† 2. The agency found that contrary to its claims, World Wide Wickets failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data. This sentence has an unclear antecedent: The pronoun its appears to refer to â€Å"the agency,† because no other entity has yet been identified, but it is a reference to the company subsequently mentioned. For clarity, use a specific proper noun (for example, â€Å"World Wide Wickets†) or a specific common noun (for example, â€Å"(the) company†) first, then a pronoun (or, in this case, use a proper noun on first reference and a common noun on second reference, bypassing the need for a pronoun at all): â€Å"The agency found that contrary to the claims of World Wide Wickets, the company failed to employ reasonable and appropriate measures to protect data.† 3. Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, as does opponent John Smith and many others. This sentence is ambiguous- it could mean that Smith and many others face the same criticism as Jones, or the phrase â€Å"as does† could apply not to the verb faces but to the verb oppose. (In this case, the latter option applies.) To eliminate possible confusion, chose a clearer word or phrase in place of the nebulous â€Å"as does†: â€Å"Jones faces criticism of others who oppose his policy positions, including opponent John Smith and many others.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Fly, Flew, (has) FlownFlied?75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†Oppose and Opposed To

Social Network Website Design & Justification Assignment

Social Network Website Design & Justification - Assignment Example Users are then prompted to complete their public profile. Completing the contact details and public profile section allows users to effectively participate on the online community forums. For example, they can use their screen name to share their blood donation pictures online. One a first user is logged into my account, they will find a number of interactive features that will help them navigate the interface and customize their own profile the way they want. New users can also click navigation help to learn how to interact with the interface of the site. Returning users will have enhanced interactive features that allow them to donate blood, track their donation. They will also be able to build their reputation based on their number of friends and the number of donations, ratings. The website will incorporate a number of links to various online games where by registered users who are online will be able to play win/loose games with other users who are also online. One of the main social network games that will be in cooperated into the new site is a farming simulation game known as FarmVille. The proposed design of the social media site for Canadian blood services has a number of interactive features that are not only designed to enhance the usability of the social media site but also to motivate potential users into donating blood as well as increase the number of people joining signing up into the site. For example, to attract more people to the new site, various features have been included to allow registered members of the donor community to invite their friends through other social media channels such as Facebook and twitter by click â€Å"add friend† or â€Å"invite others† buttons. On the other hand, non registered users and visitors can also share the contents of the social media site to their twitter or Facebook accounts. Once individuals have been attracted to the site, the next important challenge is to motivate them to successfully undergo

Based on What you choose in Proverb list Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Based on What you choose in Proverb list - Essay Example Besides, the Bible has for generation been awarded the characteristic of being a holy book, which was written by people inspired by God. In the Bible, Solomon considerably is the wisest man alive. This being considered, it is only logical that the principles he articulates in the book about business are fundamental to any person who undertakes business ventures. In the book of proverbs, there are elements about business that touches on the various ideologies. These elements are such as money, how to conduct oneself in business and trade, the offering and accepting of bribes and the view of work. Solomon has denoted each of this work as being vital for one to experience success in business and has to be taken under keen consideration at all times. Apart from these elements, there are more principles that all are based on the ethics that any businessperson should consider when dealing with fellow businesspersons and customers. Money is the item that one exchanges for the benefit that could be a service or good. This element is vital in trade as it considerably determines what amount of services one gets or how many goods one could successfully purchase. In the book of proverbs, there are several ideologies from the verses about money according to Solomon. In the book of proverbs (17:16), Solomon articulates that money can be good and there are ways it could be a source of problems. Under this statement, Solomon has a vital point that comes across to any person that could want to establish business to earn some money. Money has the ability to end people’s problems in the sense that, using money, one could acquire whatever commodity he feels he is in need of, thus ending the sense of yearning for it. From the same statement, he denotes that money could also be the source of problems, shows that, money could land the same person who enjoys its benefits of it in trouble. The same verse in proverbs goes further stating that it is only when one is wise

What Does The Internet Mean For Traditional Tv Media Essay

What Does The Internet Mean For Traditional Tv Media Essay As we know, the internet is becoming a new frontier for television. With different online services like Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube, people have changed their total viewing experience being able to use various devices to stream their desired content almost anywhere. With both on-demand and live viewing available on the internet, people have been trading the cable cord for an Ethernet cord in order to watch what they want, when they want. Television has been a huge part of our culture since it was created. The inevitable question that must be asked here is: what does all of this mean for the traditional television? According to Nielsen, in the United States, 143 million people watched TV on the internet in 2011. As we can see this is an exponential rate given that the technology is extremely young. While most Americans would assume that more people would be watching more television on the internet than they would traditionally, data from consumer reports are proving us all wrong. With Americans spending an average of 32 hours and 47 minutes per week watching content on a traditional TV, three hours and 58 minutes each week watching via the Internet on a computer, and just seven minutes a week on a mobile device, we can see that Television is far from being relinquished. With 290 million people and 114.7 million households in the U.S. owning at least one TV, we know that they are certainly not being put to waste. As of right now, the television set is still the primary method of consuming programming. Although the television is still being used more commonly, we are beginning to see a strong shift towards internet services that stream media. We should not look at the internet as an enemy to television, but as more of a companion as it is aiding watchers in a richer programming e xperience. Arrested Development Article Summary #2 Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/21/arts/television/netflix-to-back-arrested-development.html?_r=1 After being cancelled in 2006, Fox sitcom Arrested Development gained a cult following. Despite critical acclaim and multiple awards, the show was cancelled due to lackluster viewing numbers after three seasons. Now due to popular demand, the show is being resurrected on Netflix. The new episodes will go straight into the instant viewing queue, never being aired by a network on television. Streaming episodes of Arrested Development have been available on Netflix for some time, and their popularity led to the show being brought back into production. This is a huge, revolutionary moment for television. A show is being produced specifically for a non-television medium. The possibilities for this type of business venture are endless. Down the road, more and more shows could begin to follow in the footsteps of Arrested. There would be no more worrying about getting to the TV by 8:00 so you dont miss the show and no more waiting seven days for a new episode of your favorite show to see whats going to happen next. Then there is the possibility of this type of movement gaining traction and snowballing; that is to say that if tons of shows started doing this, what shows would be left for actual TV? It would take a long time for a medium like television to die completely, but something so convenient and on-demand could catch on quickly. One drawback to this type of programming is that will only be accessible on a TV to those with an Xbox or Playstation 3, but anyone with a laptop (which is everyone in this day and age) could stream episo des as well. NEW WAYS TO WATCH TV Video Clip and Summary Clip: http://www.kimatv.com/news/consumer/167124325.html?tab=videoc=y People today are now watching media in new ways at their own leisure and convenience. The media clip chosen discusses the potential internet TV applications have over basic network television or having to go a local store to rent movies. It begins by stating that, millions of people are streaming video from the Internet directly to their TVs, computers, or tablets (Slauson, n.pag). The video provides an example of a woman who normally used to prefer renting movies from a local store. In an interview she discusses the hassle of having to go back and forth to the local store as well as being charged late fees and concludes that internet TV application Netflix has simplified her life tremendously. In a recent poll of Consumer Reports online, Netflix has been stated to be by far the most-used video-streaming application, with more than 80 percent of those who streamed video having used Netflix (Slauson, n.pag). The video went on to discuss other applications such as Vudu, Itunes, and Ama zon Instant video that were chosen to be best services when looking for a great selection of movies. For free content, Hulu.com was the winner, allowing the user to stream TV shows as well as movies free on a computer. In order to watch this service on a TV or a tablet the user would need a Hulu Plus subscription, which is relatively cheap and cost about $8 a month-the same as Netflix (Slauson, n.pag). Consumer Reports also found that many users still preferred renting discs in which case Netflix again one of the best for selection.Various video streaming devices were also discussed for those who do not have internet capabilities on their TVs. Consumer reports found that some gaming systems as well as a lot of new Blu-ray players are great devices which have a lot of the internet TV applications built in. If you dont have one of those, Consumer Reports says a set-top box such as an Apple TV or a Roku Two are good choices. They work with just about any LCD or plasma TV and go for abo ut $100 (Slauson, n.pag). Overall, as one can see Internet TV applications are the new generation of viewing television or media in general. It allows the user total control over what they wish to watch, and how and when they wish to watch it. Questions! Has anyone ever completely watched an entire series on netflix? Would anyone consider not watching a show if new episodes were not available to stream online? 3. Would you watch television shows on your laptop exclusively, or does the size/definition of your screen matter too much? 4. Does the resurrection of Arrested Development mean that viewers now hold more power than ever? 5. Do you find that you watch more TV (including movies and clips) through applications such as Netflix, Hulu, etc? If yes, how often? 6. What devices do you usually view this content on? 7. Do you think it would be worth turning off cable and subscribing to these services?

Modulation: Computer Software and Unknown Music Virus

Richard Powers’ â€Å"Modulation† is about a mysterious, unhackable music virus that is taking over and controlling the minds of the people it comes in contact with. Out of nowhere this virus comes about and starts to spread vigorously through cyberspace, eating up computer software systems around the world. Not only is this virus spreading to computer systems and to data bases, but it starts spreading through people’s minds. Toshi, Marta, Jan, and Mitchell are the main characters in this story and all are unified throughout by this music virus.Powers tells how each character deals with the virus and how it affects them internally. Toshi, thrilled off of hacking through cyberspace, finally met his match when the RIAA hired him to work for their company. They thought by hiring the man that hacked through their system could defeat such a virus as this one. Toshi, in awe by this unknown music virus, is being beaten internally because it is the one thing he himself c annot beat, but at the same time this scares him because he does not know what it is capable of.The virus was something Toshi had never seen or heard before. It was a new type of music, so haunting and powerful that it imbedded inside his brain. Marta, a reporter reporting on the war in Iraq, hears this catchy tune she had never heard before. It sticks in her head as if it was like an â€Å"earworm† of some sort. This tune she keeps hearing is like a sickness she cannot get rid of. It starts eating at her mind like a virus eats at a computer hard drive. The only way Marta is at ease is when she hears the catchy tune again.The music virus not only sickens her, but also relieves her; making the tune the perfect medication. Not only is it a virus trying to destroy, but it also serves as a firewall against itself. Jan, a recently retired music professor, is searching for something he has never heard before. He wants something new and reinvented to offer society so he can change h ow people look at music. He believes all music should be free and his life passion is discovering world music. As soon as he hears the music virus he knows it is what he had been searching for.This tune was so refined and new, he had never heard such a tune before. After listening to this he knew his lifelong goal had been met. His search for a new and different type of music had been complete. He could now die a happy man. On another note, Mitchell, a music composer, found himself threatened by the music virus. His compositions were starting to sound like the infamous tune. No matter what he did he could not get the catchy tune out of his head. His performance was in danger as he could not produce anything but what was ingrained in his mind by the virus.He soon realizes he can use this threat as an opportunity to achieve greatness in his compositions and as a composer. All of the characters that Powers uses in his short story are unified by this sick, unhackable music virus that ha s only one motive: to spread. Each character deals with the virus to the best of their ability and tries not to let this innovative type of music control and get the best of them in times of vulnerability. Powers tells the readers how each character in the story deals with the music virus, how it affects them internally and how they try to overcome it.

Division and Classification Essay

â€Å"Your Future Is In Your Hands! † A term that many of us know. That saying is true and accurate when it comes to deciding on going back to school. â€Å"Should I go back to school? † A question that tons of people are asking themselves. It is a question that only they, themselves can answer. But there are many benefits of furthering your education. A sense of accomplishment is one of the many reasons people choose to go back. Self accomplishment is a gratifying feeling for most people. Yet many people struggle with the decision of going or not going. People with a higher education tend not only to get the better jobs but the higher paying ones as well. Who wouldn’t want a better, higher paying job? The better paying jobs seem to be the ones everyone is after. Nowadays in order to get those jobs, you need some sort of higher education. The economy can affect your choice in furthering your education. If the economy is not good your chances of going back to school are much better than getting a job, or in some situations, keeping your job. You can further your education and have a better chance of getting a better more satisfying job. Lots if jobs encourage a higher education and are willing to help an employee obtain it. They are willing to work with you by arranging your schedule, being flexible, and in some cases the employer even pays for the schooling. It is a great way to advance within your company. Who wouldn’t want to climb the corporate ladder? Personal satisfaction is a great benefit. Saying, â€Å"I have a college degree or certificate,† is very self-satisfying. It is a pleasing feeling to be satisfied and happy in your life. Many people learn to handle the pressure of deadlines and commitment along with learning social skills. Students learn to socialize with many different types of people, that vary in age. They learn to get along with people they normally would not get along with. People that they may never had met if it weren’t for going to school. Commitment is not always an easy thing to do. Who wants to take the time not only to attend school but pay for it and not totally commit themselves? Not many people. You invest your time, money, and self and you are committed. Your going to succeed. Self-confidence, another benefit, is something many people lack. Going back to school can make one feel good about themselves. The projects, the oral exams and practical exams that are part of college help people build confidence in themselves. Once you accomplish your project, whatever it may be, you will succeed and feel good about it when it’s done. Furthering your education can set a good example for your children, friends and family. They will see you making the choice to further or continue your education and in most cases will do the same. When you pass up playing a video game or watching television because you have homework to do, they will be more likely to do the same. It teaches them responsibility, commitment, time-management, and how to be goal oriented and how to set their priorities, among other things. Education may be a necessity for some and a true passion for others. There are many of opportunities as well as choices when it comes to furthering ones education. It is truly possible for anyone to further their education if they want to. It is never too late to go back to school. There are many benefits of continuing or furthering your education. Though there are quite a few benefits listed here, there are many more. You have to choose the one or ones that are right for you.

Police Corruption And Its Effect On The Police Force

While police forces around the world deal with many types of situations, one type that they should not have to deal with is when a situation comes up with one of their own being caught as a corrupt officer. Dirty cops seem to be able to hide their dirty deeds, but after a while, their actions end up catching up with them. This paper will show what may cause police corruption, steps to prevent corruption, prosecution of corruption, and a plan on how to change the perceptions of the police. Police Corruption happens every day in America. The perception of police in America is dramatically influenced when the corruption becomes known. How can the Police change its image and what should be the repercussions of corruption? â€Å"As the American police force grew in per capita strength from the mid-nineteenth century until the first decade of the twentieth when they reached their present strength, their organization, communication capacity, and uniformed visibility made them civil servants of general resort, called on to run soup kitchens, inspect boilers, standardize weights and measures, and recover lost children.† (Monkkonen, 1992) It was not until the end of the nineteenth century when they began to focus on crime control, so when that started, public response diminished from social servants to stricter laws. Instead of serving in soup kitchens and allowing the housing of homeless people, the amount of police work increased as they were busyShow MoreRelatedSerpico Ethical Issues Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesis about a New York police officer, Frank Serpico, or â€Å"Paco†, who got shot in the face for reporting police corruption in the New York Police Department (NYPD). Fellow officers did not help him when he was wounded. This movie portrayed real life events and factors that go on in our police forces today. There are a lot of ethical issues that go on in this movie. Men are beaten, punished, lied to, and deceived by police officers. Serpico testified against all police corruption and was left derelictRead MoreThe Crime Of The Police Essay1629 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction When we think of the police, we normally think of the brave men and women out on the street, enforcing the law, catching criminals, helping out the public in cases of emergency and making us feel safe in general. Most of the Police in most of the world is like that which is a good thing, However in the United States of America the police here are a bit more ruthless. Most of the police officers are very nice people and they really do want to help out in their community, but unfortunatelyRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1333 Words   |  6 PagesPolice brutality goes back many decades and actually happens a lot less the it did in the 60’s it is just seems like it occurs more due to the development of social media today. During the Civil Rights Movement that began in 1963 African Americans mostly in the South took the majority of these police brutalities. For example In the 60’s blacks were beaten with batons and cattle prods as they attempted to v ote at a court house that was in Selma, Alabama. The subjects that received the beatings wereRead MoreLaw Enforcement : Public Safety1291 Words   |  6 PagesPolice Corruption By: Michael Dunn Law Enforcement 2nd Period Michael Dunn Mr. Manley April 24, 2015 Law Enforcement Public Safety Final The topic of public safety that I chose to research is corruption. Police corruption is a form of police misconduct in which law enforcement officers break their social contract and abuse their power for personal or department gain. Most common form of police corruption is accepting bribes for not interfering with drugRead MorePolice Brutality And Corruption Of Public Order1718 Words   |  7 PagesPolice is defined as â€Å"the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order† . When these powers are abused and unnecessary force is used for corrupt purpose outside of their duty it is considered police brutality. While police brutality may seem only rampant in the United States, it effects Russians equally. The question is why are the police in these two countries so powerful that they can go against their dutyRead MoreLaw Enforcement Today773 Words   |  4 Pagesrespond to the many diff erent issues. According to Schmalleger (2011), corruption, on duty dangers, deadly force, and racial profiling are just some issues today’s law enforcement has to deal with. Multicultural society is one of the main challenges that police officers face on a day to day bases. To â€Å"protect and serve† is the number one duty of law enforcement. According to Schmalleger (2011), it is important as a police officer to understand and respect the different habits, customs, beliefsRead MorePolice Ethics and Deviance1125 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Ethics and Deviance Ethics and the police is a subject that most people are interested in. When people use the words ethics and police in the same sentence, people usually think of police deviance, police corruption, misconducts such as drug and alcohol abuse, sexual violence, domestic disputes, and violence within families. Most common subjects people most associate with police ethics is police brutality, police deception, and abuse of their authority. Police officers in the UnitedRead MoreCj415 Final Exam1716 Words   |  7 Pagesmodernization transnational crime 2 points Question 2 Generally, the police forces of any given country are much more likely to be dealing with ___________ crime and much less likely, if ever, to be dealing with _________ crime. transnational, international international, transnational national, global organized, international 2 points Question 3 Offenses, whose inception, prevention, and/or direct or indirect effects involved more than one country is an example of: international Read MorePolice Brutality And Its Effect On Society1610 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality in the USA Police brutality has adverse effects on society in its entirety and, hence, there is need to stop these acts so as to improve cohesiveness and the observation of the law in society. Police brutality is an old problem that has been around in this country for many years. Unfortunately, civilians have experienced it in their thousands, suffering varying degrees of damages, ranging from injuries or even loss of their lives at the hands of the brutal police. Even more dishearteningRead MoreThe Actions Of The Police Force1358 Words   |  6 Pagesof the police, there is usually always a backstory to the event that causes an uproar in the Nation. Factors that contribute to these kinds of things are racism, corruption, and the training the police force goes through. To start off, one of the main leading factors that contributes to brutal retaliation of innocent citizens is racism. There follows back a long history of violence, slavery, and war against the races, which creates much tension with each other. It is reported that police shoot and

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Social Issue Persuasive Essay Samples

Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Social Issue Persuasive Essay Samples There's, clearly, a limit on the range of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. Having found the side that you're standing for, you want to ensure you fully grasp the standpoint of the opposite side. Since the function people can interact online through social networking, chat or share information with one another. You're building a photo of a social issue, and you will need to bring up every potential side of the story. Dogs are also a terrific supply of protection. Social problems arise due to several elements. Social security is principally for people who suffer from disabilities and also for those who pay tax from their payroll. Social Networking makes it feasible to reach many folks in an extremely brief time. Poverty is among the principal social trouble in the world. Poverty in the society is the main source of several other social issues. The Fundamentals of Social Issue Persuasive Essay Samples Revealed Since there are millions and millions of users on social networking, it is extremely simple for a marketer to achieve their target group in social media than every other channel. Content restriction is likewise very possible in social networking. Avoiding social media can be exceedingly tricky. Persuasive writing can be hard, especially whenever you're made to face with a close-minded audience. Before writing down the facts and examples which you're likely to tackle, you ought to be well informed, first of all, about your topic. A five-paragraph essay might be as long as 2 000 words and you have to keep an eye about the amount of words in 1 page. A well-structured discussion essay assists the reader to follow along with the stream of thought in a simple way with no distraction. There are several types of social websites and it is on oneself to pick the one which they are comfortable with. When selecting your social problems topic, don't forget that it's always much better to write about something you're already more or less acquainted with. Always work to start early and give adequate time for researching dependable and academic proof to support your arguments. To do this, it is first of all essential to formulate an issue and attempt to discover effective method of solving it. Student writing helps students think critically, particularly when it concerns the topic accessible. It can be used to focus on different topics, allowing students to learn and understand each topics on their own. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They already know how educators value the essence of good writing, and the effectiveness of writing as a means of improving a student's communication writing skills in general. What You Should Do to Find Out About Social Issue Persuasive Essay Samples Before You're Left Behind It's a one-sentence overview of the principal point in an essay. Your essay also needs to be well arranged. An argumentative essay by simple definition is that essay that is going to be solely taking a look at the topic from a discussion perspective, to highlight merits and demerits or the advantages and disadvantages of the matter. Step 3Focus to compose the essay in the next way. When you get a task to compose an essay on a social issue, you're given a chance to open an exciting discourse. You're predicted to discuss all the surfaces of the problems that surround the essay. For example, if you are requested to compose a persuasive essay on abortion then you're able to approach the support of eminent essay writers. If you were assigned with five-paragraph essay then the main task that you should do is divide your essay into five parts. There are a couple of main things you want to learn before you even begin picking social issues essay topics. There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. You could also see travel essay. The finest persuasive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. The aforementioned sample of the persuasive essay will assist you in writing your college essay assignments punctually. You can also see college essay. You might also see scholarship essay. A few of the essays require that you describe what's happening and a number of them are about why it's happening. The Basics of Social Issue Persuasive Essay Samples When you compose a social issue essay, it is crucial to demonstrate your private view of the issue. You're predicted to persuade the readers with your arguments, so be certain to include as many supporting academic parts of evidence as you are able to. You need a firm opinion about an issue you want your readers to accept. For that reason, it's imperative to learn how to approach any issue with a strong focus on solving it.

Marketing Communications Campaign of Nike Football Shoes...

Nike is first created by Phil Knight and Bill Bowerman in 1964, to provide athletes with better shoes. The first year sales of their company totaled around $8,000, and now it is already one of the biggest sport companies in the world. Nike is called the legend of marketing communications. In the next part, I will analyze the marketing communications campaign of Nike football shoes, and explore how Nike put the marketing communication process model into practice. 1. Align with marketing objectives The first football shoes are produced in 1950s by Adidas. In 1970s, many companies like PUMA, Umbro, Lotto, Diadora, Reebok, Asics, Mizuno start to enter this market and made a good profits. Nike, as the last one who enters into this market in†¦show more content†¦The football fans download their advertisement from the internet and talk with their friends. Each of Nike’s football advertisement is shared over 100000 times on YouTube, and those people who do not even like football watch it as well. The superstar strategy make Nike’s promotion gets nearly ten times effect as they expects. Furthermore, they put their advertisement on the side of big football games so that people can see it on many media who broadcast this game. 3. Set promotional objectives After getting a big market share in football shoes industry, Nike put the weight of their promotional objectives on remind. The superstar strategy and high frequency of showing on mass media make their brand more familiar with audience. The superstars wear different football shoes so that the audience can see their new products; the shoes on superstar’s foot not only introduce their new products to the audience, but also attract them to buy the same shoes of their idol. 4. Set promotional budget As I just mentioned, Nike spend a big amount of money on sponsor the football club, and football stars. As a big international sports company, Nike has the strength on economics and can afford the big cost of promotion budget. To compete with its competitors like Adidas and Puma, Nike Company uses competitive disparity as the method to set the promotional budget. They set their budget by differentiate with other companies. That method also gives them the advantage of being advancedShow MoreRelatedThe Analysis of Marketing Communications Campaign with the Case of Nike Football Shoes2352 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Marketing mix is an essential tool for companies to target their customers, price and promote their product and locate their places. By analysing the 4P’s, companies can make the plans and achieve their goals. Marketing communications, as the promotion factor in marketing mix plays a key role in developing marketing strategies. To getting more customers and compete with their rivals, companies spend a lot of money on promotion. The promotion activities like advertising, sales and discountsRead MoreNike and the World Cup 20101320 Words   |  6 PagesSalma Dahbi MKT 5305 December 2nd, 2015 Nike Football: World Cup 2010 South Africa Nike is considered one of the most successful companies worldwide. It is well known for being the greatest producer and provider of sport gear, shoes, equipment, and different services. As most countries are now taking part in all different kinds of sport disciplines, we can undoubtedly say that in nowadays’ business world, the sport industry is deemed as one that is worth billion of dollars. Besides, it isRead MoreEssay on Nike Marketing Plan1729 Words   |  7 PagesAustin Wang Dr. Sean Jasso Section 22 May 24, 2012 Marketing Plan Stage 2 Nike: Executive Summary: - Bill Bowerman and Phillip Knight found the company as Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964 - Changed the name to Nike in 1978 - Nike Headquarter is located in Beaverton Oregon - Global marketer of footwear, apparel, equipment and accessory products - Offers footwear and products to sports such as tennis,golf, baseball, football, bicycling, volleyball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activitiesRead MoreNike s Marketing Practises With Puma1092 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay begins by discussing the competition between Nike and one of its rivals. This essay will focus on Puma as they are Nike’s rival. Moreover, it will analyse and discuss Nike’s marketing practises with Puma; these two companies will be compared and will be supported by examples and references that will be shown throughout the essay. To begin with, Nike is the world’s largest sports brand while Puma is currently the third largest sports company after Adidas in the sports industry. (HeydtRead MoreStrategic Analysis Nike1619 Words   |  7 PagesMANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT NIKE: Strategic Analysis SUBMITTED TO: AMIT SINHA SUBMITTED BY: Varun Bhatia 191181 FMG 19C Nike’s Global Business Strategy When first founded in 1962 under the name of Blue Ribbon Sports, the strategy was â€Å"to distribute low-cost, high-quality Japanese athletic shoes to American consumers in an attempt to break Germany’s domination of the domestic industry.† Today Nike offers athletic shoes at every marketable price point to a global market. Nike sustains its leadingRead MoreNike Shifts with Its Environment700 Words   |  3 PagesCase Analysis – Nike Shifts With Its Environment 1. From what you can tell by reading the case, in addition to other information you know about Nike, how has each element of the company’s microenvironment contributed to its development of the new stores and their innovative features? ÃŽ » Nike+: With Nike+, runners can measure their exercise time, pace, energy consumption, etc. Meanwhile, these data can be uploaded to a dedicated community of runners named nikeplus.com. Thus, runners can get professionalRead MoreAdidas vs Nike Marketing Battle2963 Words   |  12 Pagesanalysis of Marketing Communications strategies and Mix for athletic shoe brands in the UK: Adidas Vs Nike. Table of contents 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 2.0 Market and Literature Review 3.1 Nike Inc†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.3 3.2 Business Segments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.p.3 3.3 Marketing mix: Nike†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..p.3 3.4 Adidas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦p.3 3.5 Marketing mix: Adidas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreNike Intergrated Marketing Communication Plan3554 Words   |  15 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communication Plan Nike Running Shoes I. Background Nike Incorporated, the leading innovator in athletic apparel and accessories, traces its roots to the University of Oregon track and field team of the early 1950’s. The team’s coach was determined to give his athletes a competitive advantage by always finding the newest and most efficient gear, and began designing and producing sneakers with very limited resources. After twenty-one years of creative turmoil and a superficialRead MoreNike Website Analysis2144 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Nike Website Analysis Nike and its products Nike is a US based Multinational Corporation popular for designing, developing and global marketing and selling of accessories, apparels, equipment and apparel. The corporation has its main headquarters located in Beaverton, Oregon in Portland. It is the leading manufacturer of equipment of sports and supply of athletic shoes. Their revenues total up to about US$24. 1 billion in the financial year 2012. During this time, the company employed more thanRead MoreAssignment on Brand Building Nike Marketing2672 Words   |  11 PagesBrand Building Nike Marketing Essay History Nike is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. It is the worlds leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment with revenue in excess of $18.6 billion USD in its fiscal year 2008. It employed more than 30,000 people worldwide. The company was founded in January 1964 as Blue Ribbon Sports by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight, and officially became Nike, Inc. in 1978

A comparison between a girl of 8 years old and one of 16 years old, talking about who they are free essay sample

Two girls, an 8 year old and a sixteen year old were interviewed talking about who they are, following Rosenberg’s categories . It was found that there is a developmental trend between the girls. The locus of self – knowledge shifts with the age from relating on others to relating to the self. Introduction: Younger children focus on describing external characteristics when they talk about who they are, for example, physical appearance and routine activities they participate in, on things that other people are able to observe. As children get older, they focus more on internal characteristics, emotions, relationships with others. Do children have an independent sense of self or is it simply a reflection of the ideas of others? Rosenberg called this locus of self – knowledge and he explored it by asking questions like: If I asked you and your mother how smart you were and you gave different answers, who would be right? Younger children were more likely to rely on another person as the reference point. Only 15 per cent placed the locus of self-knowledge within themselves, comparing with nearly 50 per cent of the older children. The locus of self – knowledge changes with age. This suggests that children come to understand that no one else can fully understand their experiences, feelings. Methods Design In this practical report children and young people were interviewed about what they think about themselves. Participants The persons who were interviewed were two girls, a 8 years old from a primary school called Annie and a 16 years old from secondary school, called Kirsty. Both of them were from Milton Keynes. Materials The interviews were conducted by two members of the ED209 module team: Kieron Sheeby with the younger girl and Peter Barnes with the older girl. Procedure Two schools, one primary and one secondary, from Milton Keynes were approach to identify children who are willing to be recorded talking about themselves. After a number of children agreed to take part of the practical study their parents were asked to sign a form giving consent to their participation and to the use of the audio-recording for the ED209 module. At the beginning of each interview the participants were told that they could ask for the recording to be stopped at any time if they found themselves saying something that they didn’t wish to be recorded. By asking the parents to sigh the form and telling the children that they can stop the recording any time the Code of Human Research Ethics British Psychological Society was respected in this practical study. The interviews took place in 2005 and the children were recorded in their schools during a school day. Annie, the 8 years old had the interview with Kieron Sheeby in a building adjacent to their school which was familiar to them because it was where they regularly went for PE lessons. Annie was accompanied by a classroom assistant. Kirsty, the 16 years old had the interview with Peter Barnes in a small room opposite the school secretary’s office. In both interviews were present the sound recorder and the producer. A microphone was positioned for the recordings to be at their best. The children were not inhibited by the presence of other people in the room or by the equipment. Results: The different categories that how two girls, an 8 year old and a 16 year old use to talk about self-description are summarised in Table 1. The raw scores are provided in Appendix A. The data was collected following Rosenberg’s categories. Table 1 Rosenberg’s categories applied for an 8 years old girl and 16 years old girl Rosenberg’s categories Annie – 8 years old Kirsty – 16 years old Physical 4 1 Character 2 5 Relationships 0 2 Inner 0 2 The results of the report showed that the eight year old girl used physical and character categories when she talked about who she is. The sixteen years old is a bit more diversified, using all of the four categories to describe her, but her favourite one is the character category. Talking about relationships and inner categories it could be seen that there is a nice difference between the girls. The eight year old didn’t talk about it, while the sixteen year old choose two of each to describe her. Discussion The results of this report indicate that child’s self-description shows changes with age. The outcome of this report is a pattern of results predicted by Rosenberg: most of the descriptors used by younger children were about physical activity and physical characteristics. The older children were more likely to use the character traits to define the self. The results indicated that the eight years old uses the physical and character categories to describe her, while the sixteen years old goes more for the character and inner to talk about who she is. The younger girl has no relationships and inner categories descriptions in her way of talking about who she is. For the older girl physical categories descriptions are not so important when she talks about who she is. In Annie’s interview there is a lack of consistency between the question that is asked and the answer that is given. The 8 year old doesn’t properly understand some of the questions. For example when she was asked if she has any weak points, she replied: â€Å"my ears†¦my legs†. Locus of self-esteem is following Rosenberg’s findings. When Annie was asked who would be right if her mother and she were asked the question: How is she doing at Maths and they both would give a different answer. Annie was relying on her mother as the reference point of her answer: â€Å"she’s seen all my Maths works from the reception†. The locus of self-knowledge changes with the age. Kirsty was asked if her mother and she would give the same answer to the question if she’s well behaved home. And if not who will be right? Kirsty’s answer was using the personal characteristics: â€Å"they think I’m being moody, but I think I’m funny†, she understands that her parents can’t understand her experience and feelings as she understands them. There is a developmental trends in the way in which these two girls describe themselves and the way how the interviews go. The sixteen year old seems to understand better the questions that were asked. She also was framed in all the four categories when she talked about who she is. Whereas the eight year old didn’t quite get all the questions and she choose only two of those four categories to describe who she is. The results from this project look like young children use more physical categories than the older children to talk about who they are. O well it’s not possible to generalize these findings because there were interviewed only two girls. And there are no boys in the discussion. The validity of these interviews is a concern. A development of this study, therefore, would be to extend the number of the children and also will be interesting to bring some boys into the interviews and find out what do they say about who they are. If the same interviews would be done by other researchers I don’t think that the findings under the same circumstances would be the same. It’s true the schools were the interviews were held are an environment where the girls were used to, but in the same time school requires a performance at a certain level. The harmony between the parts and the quality of sticking together are not there. The interview was held in a nosy environment and it had to be stopped couple of times. The reliability is very low. Conclusion This practical report showed that there is a difference between a girl of 8 years old and one of 16 years old, talking about who they are. There is a lack of locus of self – knowledge in the eight year old, while the sixteen year old has a good aspect of her self development.

The parable of the Prodigal Son Essay Example For Students

The parable of the Prodigal Son Essay Legally, the son had given up his rights for further inheritance and therefore wasnt really like a son. Morally, the sons behavior was not up to the typical family standards of the time. His behavior would still be frowned upon today. The father twice says that his son was back from the dead. This raises the question, in what ways was he dead? There are two hypothetical responses to this question. The first refers to the famine that the son was exposed to. It is possible that the father had heard about the famine and assumed that, since he hadnt heard from him in a long time, his youngest son had not survived the famine. We will write a custom essay on The parable of the Prodigal Son specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second possibility talks about where the son left to go. The parable states that the son moved to a distant country. This country was most likely a Gentile country because many Jews lived in Gentile areas. In those days, it was not uncommon for Jews to perform funerals for their children that either moved to Gentile communities or that married Gentiles. It is possible that this is what he meant, however it is highly unlikely that he would disown his child and then open his arms to him as he did. Up until the conflict with the older son, the parable has many parallels to the other two stories in the trilogy. The older son is brought into the picture in order to introduce a further lesson. It has been said that the parable is more like two parables tied together the phrase, was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found. In some ways, both sons on the parable are lost, one who left home and one still at home. The older son expresses anger towards his long lost brother, in contrast to the warm love the father expends. The son complains that he hasnt even gotten a young goat, yet they killed the fatted calf for the other son. This complaint hints at long time resentment. The son shows disrespect towards his father, as well as his brother. In this way, he broke the fourth commandment and was just as sinful as his hated brother. He makes unfounded accusations that his brother had wasted the money on prostitutes when nowhere in the parable is there any evidence that he had. The father willingly forgives his son for this just as easily as he forgave his youngest son. He tells him that everything he has is also his sons, hinting that all of the inheritance would go to the eldest son. This hinting cannot be solidified because, once again, the details about the property are not specified because it is not relevant in Jesus lesson. The only important thing is that the father forgave both of his sons. Each of the characters in this parable can be compared to another person or group of people. The characters are just a way of teaching a lesson to each of the people they represent. In this parable, the father symbolizes God. It shows that God will rejoice and honor any and every sinner that repents. It also emphasizes that God doesnt need to wait for a full apology. He recognizes the sentiment and considers that enough to forgive. Jesus also uses the parable to address those who criticized him for being around sinners by chiding them for not rejoicing that the sinners were interested in what he had to teach. The parable does not necessarily say we should seek out those sinners, but that we should be glad and open when they come to us to be taught. The parable of the Prodigal Son was just one of many parables that Jesus told to get his message out to the people. The themes from this particular parable are timeless. No matter what, God will always forgive us when we show only the slightest repentance and we should always forgive those who show repentance towards us. .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .postImageUrl , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:hover , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:visited , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:active { border:0!important; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:active , .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560 .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd7b46cbcb5128b859a03aab2c405560:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Analysis Billionaire EssayBibliography Author Unknown. Parable of the Lost Son. 09 December 2004. The Boston Christian Bible Study Resources. 30 November 2005. http://www. bcbsr. com/survey/pb134. html Keating, Thomas. The Parable of the Prodigal Son. 2005. Contemplative Outreach Ltd. 30 November 2005. http://centeringprayer. com/kingdom/kingdom03. htm. Morrison, Michael. Parable of the Lost Son. 1992. Worldwide Church of God. 30 November 2005. http://www. wcg. org/lit/bible/gospels/lostson. htm. Prodigal Son Wikipedia. 4 November 2005. http://en.wikipedia.org/Prodigal_Son . Show preview only The above

Expert Guide to the AP Language and Composition Exam

Expert Guide to the AP Language and Composition Exam SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips With the 2016 AP English Language and Composition exam approaching on Wednesday, May , it’s time to make sure that you’re familiar with all aspects of the exam.In this article, I’ll give a brief overview of the test, do a deeper dive on each of the sections, discuss how the exam is scored, offer some strategies for studying, and finally wrap up with some essential exam day tips. Exam Overview The AP Language and Composition exam tests your rhetorical skills. Essentially, how do authors construct effective arguments in their writing? What tools do they use? How can you use those tools to craft effective writing yourself? That is the essence of rhetorical analysis. The exam has two parts: the first section is an hour-long, 52-55 question multiple-choice sectionthat asks you questions on the rhetorical construction and techniques of a series of nonfiction passages. The second section is free response. It starts with a 15-minute reading period, and then you’ll have 120 minutes to write three analytical essays: one synthesizing several provided texts to create an argument, one analyzing a nonfiction passage for its rhetorical construction, and one creating an original argument in response to a prompt. You will have about 40 minutes to write each essay, but no one will prompt you to move from essay to essay- you can structure the 120 minutes as you wish. In the next sections I’ll go over each section of the exam more closely- first multiple choice, and then free response. The AP English Language and Composition Multiple-Choice The multiple-choice section is primarily focused on how well you can read and understand nonfiction passages for their use of rhetorical devices and tools. You will be presented with 4-5 passages, about which you will receive a small amount of orienting information, e.g. â€Å"This passage is excerpted from a collection of essays on boating† or â€Å"This passage is excerpted from an essay written in 19th-century Haiti.† You will be asked somewhere from 10-15 questions per passage. There are, in general, eight question types you can expect to encounter on the multiple-choice section of the exam. I’ve taken my examples from the sample questions in the â€Å"Course and Exam Description.† Magic eight-ball says there are eight types of multiple-choice questions! Type 1: Reading Comprehension These questions are focused on verifying that you understood what a certain part of the passage was saying on a concrete, literal level. You can identify these questions from phrases like â€Å"according to† â€Å"refers,† etc. The best way to succeed on these questions is to go back and re-read the part of the passage referred to very carefully. Example: Type 2: Implication These questions take reading comprehension one step further- they are primarily focused on what the author is implying without directly coming out and saying it. These questions will have a correct answer, though, based on evidence from the passage. Which interpretation offered in the answers does the passage most support? You can identify questions like these from words like â€Å"best supported,† ‘â€Å"implies,† â€Å"suggests,† â€Å"inferred,† and so on. Example: Type 3: Overall Passage and Author Questions These questions ask about overall elements of the passage or the author, such as the author’s attitude on the issue discussed, the purpose of the passage, the passage’s overarching style, the audience for the passage, and so on. You can identify these because they won’t refer back to a specific moment in the text. For these questions, you’ll need to think of the passage from a â€Å"bird’s-eye view† and consider what all of the small details together are combining to say. Example: Type 4: Relationships Between Parts of the Text Some questions will ask you to describe the relationship between two parts of the text, whether they are paragraphs or specific lines. You can identify these because they will usually explicitly ask about the relationship between two identified parts of the text, although sometimes they will instead ask about a relationship implicitly, by saying something like â€Å"compared to the rest of the passage.† Example: Type 5: Interpretation of Imagery/Figurative Language These questions will ask you about the deeper meaning or implication of figurative language or imagery that is used in the text. Essentially, why did the author choose to use this simile or this metaphor? What is s/he trying to accomplish? You can generally identify questions like this because the question will specifically reference a moment of figurative language in the text. However, it might not be immediately apparent that the phrase being referenced is figurative, so you may need to go back and look at it in the passage to be sure of what kind of question you are facing. Example: Type 6: Purpose of Part of the Text Still other questions will ask you to identify what purpose a particular part of the text serves in the author’s larger argument. What is the author trying to accomplish with the particular moment in the text identified in the question? You can identify these questions because they will generally explicitly ask what purpose a certain part of the text serves. You may also see words or phrases like â€Å"serves to† or â€Å"function.† Example: Type 7: Rhetorical Strategy These questions will ask you to identify a rhetorical strategy used by the author. They will often specifically use the phrase â€Å"rhetorical strategy,† although sometimes you will be able to identify them instead through the answer choices, which offer different rhetorical strategies as possibilities. Example: Type 8: Style and Effect Some questions will ask you about stylistic moments in the text and the effect created by the those stylistic choices. What is the author evoking through their stylistic choices? You can identify these questions because they will generally mention â€Å"effect.† Example: Some very important stylish effects going on here. TheAP English Language and CompositionFree Response The free response sectionhas a 15-minute reading period. After that time, you will have 120 minutes to write three essays that address three distinct tasks. Because the first essay involves reading sources, it is suggested that you use the entire 15-minute reading period to read the sources and plan the first essay. However, you may want to glance at the other questions during the reading period so that ideas can percolate in the back of your mind as you work on the first essay. Essay One: Synthesis For this essay, you will be briefly oriented on an issue and then given anywhere from six-eight sources that provide various perspectives and information on the issue. You will then need to write an argumentative essay with support from the documents. If this sounds a lot like a DBQ, as on the history AP exams, that’s because it is! However, this essay is much more argumentative in nature- your goal is to persuade, not merely interpret the documents. Example(documents not included, see 2015 free response questions): Essay Two: Rhetorical Analysis In the second essay, you’ll be presented with an excerpt from a nonfiction piece that advances an argument and asked to write an essay analyzing the rhetorical strategies used to construct the passage’s argument. You will also be given some orienting information- where the passage was excerpted from, who wrote it, its approximate date, where it was published (if at all), and to whom it was directed. Example(excerpt not included, see 2015 free response questions): Essay Three: Argument In the third essay, you will be presented with an issue and asked to write a persuasive essay taking a position on the issue. You will need to support your position with evidence from your â€Å"reading, experience, and observations.† Example(from 2015 free response questions): This doesn't look like a very well-constructed argument. How The AP Language and Composition Exam Is Scored The multiple-choice section of the exam is worth 45% of your score, and the free-response section is worth the other 55%. So each of the three free-response essays is worth about 18% of your score. As on other APs, your raw score will be converted to a scaled score of 1-5. This exam has a relatively low 5 rate. Only 9.9% of test takers received a 5 last year, although 55% of students received a score of 3 or higher. In terms of how the raw score is obtained, the multiple-choice section is similar to other AP multiple-choice sections: you receive a point for every question you answer correctly, and there is no penalty for guessing. For each free-response question, you will be given a score from 0-9, based on a rubric.The rubrics all assess, in general, 3 major things: How well you responded to the prompt:Did you completely and fully address all of the tasks presented in the prompt, without misunderstanding any of them? How convincing and well-supported your argument was: Do you take a clear position that is not overly basic, simplistic, or obvious? Can you comprehensively support your position with evidence? Is your evidence well-chosen and well-explained? Do you tie everything back to your main argument? Have you thought through the implications of your stated position? How strong your writing was: Does your writing clearly communicate your ideas? Are your sentences not just grammatically correct, but sophisticated? Do you have a consistent style and a strong vocabulary? Is your paper well-organized and logically arranged? Each rubric broadly assesses these three factors. However, each task is also different in nature, so the rubrics do have some differences. I’ll go over each rubric- and what it really means- for you here. Synthesis Essay Rubric Score What the Rubric Says What This Means 9 Essays earning a score of 9 meet the criteria for the score of 8 and, in addition, are especially sophisticated in their argument, thorough in development, or impressive in their control of language. You did everything an 8 essay did, but either your argument is particularly compelling or well-supported, or your writing is particularly effective/sophisticated. 8 Essays earning a score of 8 effectively address the task in the prompt. They develop their argument by effectively synthesizing at least three of the sources. The evidence and explanations used are appropriate and convincing. The prose demonstrates a consistent ability to control a wide range of the elements of effective writing but is not necessarily flawless. You thoroughly responded to the prompt, successfully using (and citing) at least three of the sources to support your argument. You supported your argument in a persuasive way. Your writing is competent, although there may be some minor errors. 7 Essays earning a score of 7 meet the criteria for the score of 6 but provide more complete explanation, more thorough development, or a more mature prose style. Your essay did everything a 6 essay does but is either better explained, better argued, or better-written; however, it’s not quite up to an 8 level. 6 Essays earning a score of 6 adequately address the task in the prompt. They develop their argument by adequately synthesizing at least three of the sources. The evidence and explanations used are appropriate and sufficient. The language may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but generally the prose is clear. You responded to the prompt in a reasonable way. You used and cited at least 3 of the sources in creating your argument. You supported your argument in a reasonably persuasive way, although not as compellingly as an 8 essay. Your writing is generally understandable. 5 Essays earning a score of 5 address the task in the prompt. They develop their argument by synthesizing at least three sources, but how they use and explain sources is somewhat uneven, inconsistent, or limited. The writer’s argument is generally clear, and the sources generally develop the writer’s position, but the links between the sources and the argument may be strained. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but it usually conveys the student’s ideas. You did respond to the prompt. You used and cited at least 3 of the sources in creating your argument, but you did not use all of them particularly effectively. The connection between the documents and your argument is underdeveloped. Your writing is mostly understandable but may have errors. 4 Essays earning a score of 4 inadequately address the task in the prompt. They develop their argument by synthesizing at least two sources, but the evidence or explanations used may be inappropriate, insufficient, or unconvincing. The sources may dominate the essay’s attempts at development, the link between the argument and the sources may be weak, or the student may misunderstand, misrepresent, or oversimplify the sources. The prose generally conveys the student’s ideas but may be inconsistent in controlling the elements of effective writing. You did not adequately respond to the prompt. You used and cited at least two sources, but you did not effectively link them to your argument. Your essay may summarize sources instead of truly taking a position, or you may have misread the sources. Your writing is not consistently clear. 3 Essays earning a score of 3 meet the criteria for the score of 4 but demonstrate less success in addressing the task. They are less perceptive in their understanding of the sources, or their explanation or examples may be particularly limited or simplistic. The essays may show less maturity in their control of writing. Your essay did not adequately respond to the prompt. Your interpretation of the sources is incorrect or your argument is overly simplistic. Your writing is overly basic or unclear. 2 Essays earning a score of demonstrate little success in addressing the task in the prompt. They may merely allude to knowledge gained from reading the sources rather than cite the sources themselves. These essays may misread the sources, fail to develop a position, or substitute a simpler task by merely summarizing or categorizing the sources or by merely responding to the prompt tangentially with unrelated, inaccurate, or inappropriate explanation. Essays that score 2 often demonstrate consistent weaknesses in writing, such as grammatical problems, a lack of development or organization, or a lack of control. You barely addressed the prompt. You may not cite any sources directly, misunderstand the sources, never take a position, or write things that are not relevant to the prompt. Writing is very weak, including grammatical issues. 1 Essays earning a score of 1 meet the criteria for the score of 2 but are undeveloped, especially simplistic in their explanation, weak in their control of writing, or do not allude to or cite even one source Your writing barely addressed the prompt. Explanations are extremely simple, writing is incredibly weak, or sources are not used or cited at all. 0 Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. You made no attempt to respond to the prompt. - Indicates an entirely blank response You didn’t write anything! Time to synthesize this dough into some cookies. Rhetorical Analysis Essay Rubric Score What the Rubric Says What This Means 9 Essays earning a score of 9 meet the criteria for the score of 8 and, in addition, are especially sophisticated in their argument, thorough in their development, or impressive in their control of language. You achieved everything an 8 essay did, but the quality of either your argument or your writing is exceptional. 8 Essays earning a score of 8 effectively analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. They develop their analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and convincing, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The prose demonstrates a consistent ability to control a wide range of the elements of effective writing but is not necessarily flawless. You successfully and persuasively analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt in a way that is strongly supported by specific examples in the text. Your writing is versatile and strong. 7 Essays earning a score of 7 meet the criteria for the score of 6 but provide more complete explanation, more thorough development, or a more mature prose style. You achieved everything a 6 essay did, but your argument was either better explained or supported or your writing was of a higher caliber. 6 Essays earning a score of 6 adequately analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. They develop their analysis with evidence and explanations that are appropriate and sufficient, referring to the passage explicitly or implicitly. The essay may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but generally the prose is clear. You successfully analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt, using appropriate references to the text. Your writing was generally understandable. 5 Essays earning a score of 5 analyze the rhetorical strategies used to develop the author’s argument. The evidence or explanations used may be uneven, inconsistent, or limited. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but it usually conveys the student’s ideas. You analyzed the rhetoric of the excerpt, although evidence from the passage may have been poorly used or deployed. Your writing is mostly understandable but may have errors. 4 Essays earning a score of 4 inadequately analyze the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. These essays may misunderstand the passage, misrepresent the strategies the author uses, or may analyze these strategies insufficiently. The evidence or explanations used may be inappropriate, insufficient, or unconvincing. The prose generally conveys the student’s ideas but may be inconsistent in controlling the elements of effective writing. You did not analyze the rhetoric in the passage in a reasonable way. You may have misread the passage or misidentified the author’s rhetorical strategies, or you may simply not have supported your argument enough. Textual evidence may not be appropriate to the task at hand. Your writing is not consistently clear. 3 Essays earning a score of 3 meet the criteria for the score of 4 but demonstrate less success in analyzing the rhetorical strategies the author uses to develop his/her argument. They are less perceptive in their understanding of the passage or the author’s strategies, or the explanations or examples may be particularly limited or simplistic. The essays may show less maturity in control of writing. A 3 essay has similar weaknesses to a 4 essay, but displays less understanding of the passage or the author’s intent. The writing may also be even more inconsistent or basic. 2 Essays earning a score of 2 demonstrate little success in analyzing the rhetorical strategies used by the author to develop his/her argument. These essays may misunderstand the prompt, misread the passage, fail to analyze the strategies used, or substitute a simpler task by responding to the prompt tangentially with unrelated, inaccurate, or inappropriate explanation. The essays often demonstrate consistent weaknesses in writing, such as grammatical problems, a lack of development or organization, or a lack of control. You barely analyzed the passage. You may have misunderstood the assigned task, seriously misread the passage or the author’s intent, or responded to something other than the prompt. Writing is consistently weak. 1 Essays earning a score of 1 meet the criteria for the score of 2 but are undeveloped, especially simplistic in their explanation, or weak in their control of language. A 1 essay is has similar weaknesses to a 2 essay, but is even more poorly supported or poorly written. 0 Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. You made no attempt to respond to the prompt. - Indicates an entirely blank response. You didn’t write anything! Examine your texts closely! Argumentative Essay Rubric Score What the Rubric Says What This Means 9 Essays earning a score of 9 meet the criteria for the score of 8 and, in addition, are especially sophisticated in their argument, thorough in their development, or particularly impressive in their control of language. You meet the criteria for an 8, plus you have either a particularly strong argument, strong support, or strong writing. 8 Essays earning a score of 8 effectively develop a position on the issue presented. The evidence and explanations used are appropriate and convincing, and the argument is especially coherent and well developed. The prose demonstrates a consistent ability to control a wide range of the elements of effective writing but is not necessarily flawless. You persuasively address the prompt, using strong evidence to support your argument. Your writing is strong but not necessarily perfect. 7 Essays earning a score of 7 meet the criteria for the score of 6 but provide a more complete explanation, more thorough development, or a more mature prose style. A 7 essay meets the criteria for a 6 essay but is either better-argued, better-supported, or more well-written. 6 Essays earning a score of 6 adequately develop a position on the issue presented. The evidence and explanations used are appropriate and sufficient, and the argument is coherent and adequately developed. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but generally the prose is clear. You reasonably address the prompt, using reasonable evidence to support your argument. Your writing is generally good but may have some mistakes. 5 Essays earning a score of 5 develop a position on the issue presented. The evidence or explanations used may be uneven, inconsistent, or limited. The writing may contain lapses in diction or syntax, but it usually conveys the student’s ideas. You do address the prompt, although the support for your argument may be sparse or not wholly convincing. Your writing is usually clear, but not always. 4 Essays earning a score of 4 inadequately develop a position on the issue presented. The evidence or explanations used may be inappropriate, insufficient, or unconvincing. The argument may have lapses in coherence or be inadequately developed. The prose generally conveys the student’s ideas but may be inconsistent in controlling the elements of effective writing. You do not adequately address the prompt or form a strong argument. Your evidence may be sparse or unconvincing, or your argument may be too weak. Your writing is not consistently clear. 3 Essays earning a score of 3 meet the criteria for the score of 4 but demonstrate less success in developing a position on the issue. The essays may show less maturity in control of writing. 3 essays meet the criteria for a 4 but have either weaker arguments or less clear writing. 2 Essays earning a score of 2 demonstrate little success in developing a position on the issue. These essays may misunderstand the prompt, or substitute a simpler task by responding to the prompt tangentially with unrelated, inaccurate, or inappropriate explanation. The prose often demonstrates consistent weaknesses in writing, such as grammatical problems, a lack of development or organization, or a lack of coherence and control. You barely addressed the assigned task. Your essay may misunderstand the prompt. Your evidence may be irrelevant or inaccurate. Your writing is weak on multiple levels. 1 Essays earning a score of 1 meet the criteria for the score of 2 but are undeveloped, especially simplistic in their explanation and argument, weak in their control of language, or especially lacking in coherence. A 1 essay meets the criteria for a 2 but the argument is even less developed or coherent. 0 Indicates an off-topic response, one that merely repeats the prompt, an entirely crossed-out response, a drawing, or a response in a language other than English. You made no attempt to respond to the prompt. - Indicates an entirely blank response. You didn’t write anything! As you can see, the synthesis rubric is focused on how you used sources, the analysis rubric is focused on how well you analyzed the text, and the argument rubric is focused on the strength of your argumentative writing without outside sources. Achieving a high score on an AP Lang and Comp essay is no easy feat. The average scores on essays last year were all under 5, with the Synthesis essay at about a 4.7 and the other two at just over 4. So even getting a 7 out of 9 is very impressive! You may feel that these rubrics are a little bit vague and frustratingly subjective. And, indeed, what separates a 6 from a 7, a 7 from an 8, an 8 from a 9 may not be entirely clear in every case, no matter the pains taken by the College Board to standardize AP essay grading. That said, the general principles behind the rubrics- respond to the prompt, build a strong argument, and write well- hold up. If you can write strong essays in the time allotted, you’ll be well on your way to a score of 5 even if your essays got 7s instead of 8s. So what can you do to prepare yourself for the frenzy of AP English Lit activity? The best kind of frenzy is a puppy frenzy! AP English Language Prep Tips Unlike its cousin, the AP English Literature and Composition exam, the AP Language and Composition exam (and course) have very little to do with fiction or poetry. So some students used to more traditional English classes may be somewhat at a loss as to what to do to prepare. Luckily for you, I have a whole slate of preparation tips for you! Read Nonfiction - In a Smart Way A major thing you can do to prepare for the AP Lang and Comp exam is to read nonfiction- particularly nonfiction that argues a position, whether explicitly (like an op-ed) or implicitly (like many memoirs and personal essays). Read a variety of non-fiction genres and topics, and pay attention to the following: What is the author’s argument? What evidence do they use to support their position? What rhetorical techniques and strategies do they use to build their argument? Are they persuasive? What counterarguments can you identify? Do they address them? Thinking about these questions with all the reading you do will help you hone your rhetorical analysis skills. Learn Rhetorical Terms and Strategies Of course, if you’re going to be analyzing the nonfiction works you read for their rhetorical techniques and strategies, you need to know what those are! You should learn a robust stable of rhetorical terms from your teacher, but here’s my guide to the most important AP Language and Composition terms. If you want to review, there are many resources you could consult: Wikibooks offers a list of â€Å"Basic Rhetorical Strategies,† which explains some of the most fundamental rhetoric-related terms. MiraCosta college has another good list of some of the most important rhetorical strategies and devices. A heroic individual from Riverside schools in Ohio uploaded this aggressively comprehensive list of rhetorical terms with examples. It’s 27 pages long, and you definitely shouldn’t expect to know all of these for the exam, but it’s a useful resource for learning some new terms. Another great resource for learning about rhetorical analysis and how rhetorical devices are actually used is the YouTube Channel Teach Argument, which has videos rhetorically analyzing everything from Taylor Swift music videos to Super Bowl commercials. It’s a fun way to think about rhetorical devices and get familiar with argumentative structures. Finally, a great book- which you might already use in your class- is â€Å"They Say, I Say.† This book provides an overview of rhetoric specifically for academic purposes, which will serve you well for AP preparation and beyond. Write You also need to practice argumentative and persuasive writing. In particular, you should practice the writing styles that will be tested on the exam: synthesizing your own argument based on multiple outside sources, rhetorically analyzing another piece of writing in-depth, and creating a completely original argument based on your own evidence and experience. You should be doing lots of writing assignments in your AP class to prepare, but thoughtful, additional writing will help. You don’t necessarily need to turn all of the practice writing you do into polished pieces, either- just writing for yourself, while trying to address some of these tasks, will give you a low-pressure way to try out different rhetorical structures and argumentative moves, as well as practicing things like organization and developing your own writing style. Not the most auspicious start to an argumentative essay. Practice for the Exam Finally, you’ll need to practice specifically for the exam format. There are sample multiple-choice questions in the â€Å"AP Course and Exam Description,† and old free-response questions on the College Board website. Unfortunately, the College Board hasn’t officially released any complete exams from previous years for the AP English Language and Composition exam, but you might be able to find some that teachers have uploaded to school websites and so on by Googling â€Å"AP Language complete released exams.† I also have a guide to AP Language and Composition practice tests. Once you’re prepped and ready to go, how can you do your best on the test? AP Language and Composition Test Day Tips Here are four key tips for test-day success. You are one hundred percent success! Interact With the Text When you are reading passages, both on the multiple-choice section and for the first two free-response questions, interact with the text! Mark it up for things that seem important, devices you notice, the author’s argument, and anything else that seems important to the rhetorical construction of the text. This will help you engage with the text and make it easier to answer questions or write an essay about the passage. Think About Every Text’s Overarching Purpose and Argument Similarly, with every passage you read, consider the author’s overarching purpose and argument. If you can confidently figure out what the author’s primary assertion is, it will be easier to trace how all of the other aspects of the text play into the author’s main point. Plan Your Essays The single most important thing you can do for yourself on the free-response section of the AP English Language exam is to spend a few minutes planning and outlining your essays before you start to write them. Unlike on some other exams, where the content is the most important aspect of the essay, on the AP Language Exam, organization, a well-developed argument, and strong evidence are all critical to strong essay scores. An outline will help you with all of these things. You’ll be able to make sure each part of your argument is logical, has sufficient evidence, and that your paragraphs are arranged in a way that is clear and flows well. Anticipate and Address Counterarguments Another thing you can do to give your free responses an extra boost is to identify counterarguments to your position and address them within your essay. This not only helps shore up your own position, but it's alsoa fairly sophisticated move in a timed essay that will win you kudos with AP graders. Address counterarguments properly or they might get returned to sender! Key Takeaways The AP Language and Composition exam tests your rhetorical skills. The exam has two sections. The first section is an hour-long, 52-55 question multiple-choice test based on the rhetorical techniques and strategies deployed in nonfiction passages. The second section is a two-hour free-response section (with a 15-minute initial reading period) with three essay questions: one where you must synthesize given sources to make an original argument, one where you must rhetorically analyze a given passage, and one where you must create a wholly original argument about an issue with no outside sources given. You’ll receive one point for every correct answer on the multiple-choice section of the exam, which is worth 45% of your score. The free-response section is worth 55% of your score. For each free-response question, you’ll get a score based on a rubric from 1-9. Your total raw score will be converted to a scaled score from 1-5. Here are some test prep strategies for AP Lang: Read nonfiction with an eye for rhetoric Learn rhetorical strategies and techniques Practice writing to deploy rhetorical skills Practice for the exam! Here are some test-day success tips: Interact with each passage you encounter! Consider every text’s overarching purpose and argument. Keep track of time Plan your essays Identify and address counterarguments in your essays. With all of this knowledge, you’re ready to slay the AP English Language and Composition beast! Noble knight, prepare to slay the AP dragon! What's Next? Taking the AP Literature exam? Check out our ultimate guide to the AP English Literature testandour list of AP Literature practice tests. Taking other AP exams? See our Ultimate Guides to AP World History, AP US History, AP Chemistry, AP Biology, AP World History, and AP Human Geography. Need more AP prep guidance? Check out how to study for AP exams and how to find AP practice tests. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Ellen McCammon About the Author Ellen has extensive education mentorship experience and is deeply committed to helping students succeed in all areas of life. She received a BA from Harvard in Folklore and Mythology and is currently pursuing graduate studies at Columbia University. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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